The article describes the procedure for determining the transportation fee for the transportation of crude oil in a special rolling stock based. This scientific article discusses the organization of the transportation of crude oil along the route: Art. Astana (KTZH) to st. Leipzig. The route...

As urbanization increases, municipalities across the world have become aware of the negative impacts of road-based transportation, which include traffic congestion and air pollution. As a result, several cities have introduced tolling schemes to discourage vehicles from entering the inner city....