Just as war is sometimes fallaciously represented as a zero sum game -- when in fact war is a negative sum game - stock market trading, a positive sum game over time, is often erroneously represented as a zero sum game. This is called the "zero sum fallacy" -- the erroneous belief that one...

This paper sets out the basics of the Import substitution - industrialization (ISI) model for development, the socialist variant of ISI and the neo-liberal theory of developing, critiquing each in turn. Each of these models failed, for different reasons, and in different ways, to attain...

The European Union (EU) is founded on conceptual variants within liberalism such as corporatism and ordo-liberalism which are collectivist, not individualist, social, not contractarian, and confederal, not federal. The institutions and laws which grow from these concepts often, but not always,...

Free trade and environmental protection are two norms which sometimes collide. The resolution of colliding norms can occur either using a formalist "descriptive" analysis, or using a "prescriptive" approach of legal realism. It may seem intuitive to imagine realism and formalism as mutually...

Insider trading law is theoretically problematic. Despite this, an essentially coherent transatlantic insider trading regime has been established by the E.U. Insider trading directive. This paper shows that the E.U. Directive is heavily influenced by U.S. securities law. Of interest however is...

The legal indeterminacy thesis argues that law is indeterminate, either due to inherent linguistic ambiguity, or due to the nature of logical argument or because law is rife with antinomies. Parallel to this argument is another related argument, that law is a relatively autonomous discipline...

Two of the most important constitutional decisions in history, Marbury v. Madison and Van Gend amp; Loos, share common issues and reach similar results. Marbury is as well known to U.S. jurists as Van Gend is to European jurists. However few people are familiar with both decisions. This article...