This study seeks to assess recent evidence on funding cost differentials among US Bank Holding Companies (BHCs), to better inform the debate about the future of financial reform in the US. Specifically, we measure differences in market spreads observed from 2009-2013 for senior unsecured bonds...

Small business dynamism is a feature of an SME sector that contributes to overall productivity growth, not an end in itself. Such dynamism increases productivity growth by reallocating resources towards more productive firms and strengthening the diffusion of new technologies. Small business...

Business investment in research and development (R&D) makes a key contribution to rising living standards. Firms undertaking the R&D can reduce production costs and introduce new products that provide benefits to consumers that are not fully captured in selling prices. Further, it is very...

In this article, John Lester describes the federal tax expenditures database developed as part of the Finances of the Nation data portal. He also uses the database to analyze trends in federal tax expenditures over a 21-year period ending in 2019 and to identify the beneficiaries and the...

The Canadian federal government has a surprisingly small number of business income tax measures that are intended to promote economic development. Nevertheless, the amount of tax revenue forgone is substantial, likely amounting to about $8 billion in 2016. Provincial governments have implemented...