This white paper explores the construction of a reliable Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) scoring engine, with a focus on the importance of data sources and quality, selection of ESG indicators, weighting and aggregation methodologies, and the necessary validation and benchmarking...

Financial trading has been widely analyzed for decades with market participants and academics always looking for advanced methods to improve trading performance. Deep reinforcement learning (DRL), a recently reinvigorated method with significant success in multiple domains, still has to show its...

For the emerging peer-to-peer (P2P) lending markets to survive, they need to employ credit risk management practices that ensure an investor base that is profitable in the long-term. In this paper, we propose a profit scoring decision support system that is dynamically updated and based on...

Using monthly observations of industrial production and stock market indices from January 1961 to May 2012, we analyse the long-run relationship between the stock markets and real economic activity in the G-7 countries. In particular, this analysis uses the Toda and Yamamoto (1995) approach with...

This paper investigates whether the daily stock returns of the Polish, Czech and Hungarian stock markets are covariance stationary. Using the Pagan – Schwert (1990) and Loretan – Phillips (1994) testing procedures, we show that contrary to the widely accepted assumption of covariance...

The weekly returns of equities are commonly used in the empirical research to avoid the non-synchronicity of daily data. An empirical analysis is used to show that the statistical properties of a weekly stock returns series strongly depend on the method used to construct this series. Three types...

Using dynamic conditional correlations (DCCs), we estimate the time-varying relationship between stock market returns and output growth based on monthly data for the US over the 1964:01 to 2012:07 time period. We demonstrate that in general, this relationship is positive and present during the...

The purpose of this paper is to explain both the need and the procedures of unit-root testing to a wider audience. The topic of stationarity testing in general and unit root testing in particular is one that covers a vast amount of research. We have been discussing the problem in four different...

In this paper we present a general approach and methodology for modelling concentration dynamics on industrial level. The majority of research in this field has usually been focused on estimating adjustment models, where the speed of adjustment of actual level of concentration to the long-run...

We assess the issue of fiscal sustainability in the selected EU countries. Our sample includes those showing the highest government debts, which are nowadays known under the somewhat degrading acronym – PIIGGS (Portugal, Ireland, Italy, Greece, Great Britain and Spain). Assuming the so-called...