This paper studies gender inequality in the recognition of innovations. Using modern natural language processing on over 1.5 million patents between 1980 and 2015, we find significant gender differences in inventors’ patent citations. Changing the gender structure of an inventor team from...

In this paper, we offer a novel explanation to the surge in patenting bserved during the last years. With low patentability standards at PTOs (Patent and Trademark Offices awarding so-called bad patents), not only “false innovators” have the chance of being granted patents but also, and more...

In this work we introduce a procedure to investigate disclosure quality in the context of accounting narratives presented in the corporate annual reports. The procedure incorporates the implications of political costs to the quality of information presented in the annual reports. We confronted...

Information about the success of a new technology is usually held asymmetrically between the research and development (R&D)-performing firm and potential lenders and investors. This raises the cost of capital for financing R&D externally, resulting in financing constraints on R&D especially for...