China's State Administration for Market Regulation in China announced two guidelines in October 2021. The drafted Guidelines for Classification and Grading of Internet Platforms (互联网平台分类分级指南) (“Classification Guidelines”) categorize digital platforms into super, large...

Reducing CO2 emissions is the most significant target in the global environmental issue. One of strongest measures for CO2 reduction may be introduction of renewable energies including wind and solar powers. Moreover smart grid is attracting attention as a new power supply system for CO2...

Reducing CO2 emissions is the most significant target in the global environmental issue. One of strongest measures for CO2 reduction may be introduction of renewable energies including wind and solar powers. Moreover smart grid is attracting attention as a new power supply system for CO2...

Hot melt adhesive (HMA) is a kind of widely used material in many areas. However, its high activation temperature complicated the operation and restricted its application, especially in medical treatment. In this work, we designed a low-temperature activable oligo-urethane-3 (OU-3) adhesive with...

Reducing CO2 emissions is the most significant target in the global environmental issue. One of strongest measures for CO2 reduction may be introduction of renewable energies including wind and solar powers. Moreover smart grid is attracting attention as a new power supply system for CO2...

Broadband over CATV networks is flourishing in the EU and in some Member States it even has already made significant impact on the retail broadband market. Our article aims to provide an overview of the regulatory treatment of broadband over CATV under the electronic communications regulatory...

Based on the relevant case law produced at the European level, this article attempts to examine the three controversial aspects of price squeeze: (i) the identities of the infringer, (ii) the nature of the infringement (i.e. stand-alone or value-added), and (iii) the approach for the imputation test

Due to the different views in economics the prohibition of excessive prices is among the most controversial subjects within EU competition law. This article aims to shed some light on this concept. In the following, it first identifies the exceptional circumstances that may justify antitrust...

This article explores the abusive nature of price squeeze through investigating why a dominant undertaking subject to a price squeeze liability cannot be allowed to benefit from its competition advantages over vertical integration. As such a result, price squeeze obliges a dominant undertaking...