Do US Circuit Courts' decisions on criminal appeals influence sentence lengths imposed by US District Courts? This Element explores the use of high-dimensional instrumental variables to estimate this causal relationship. Using judge characteristics as instruments, this Element implements...

During the pandemic, many countries saw a slight and ephemeral decline decrease in inflation at the beginning, followed by a significant increase from 2021 to the present. Meanwhile, with the appreciation of the U.S. dollar, many countries’ currencies have faced continuous depreciation. This...

During COVID-19, the air industry has shrunk due to drastically reduced demand and flight bans. Air transport network optimization is significant in fleet routing design, which helps the air company to make a decision to open the new routes while maximizing the profit. We want to study when an...