the utility costs other than accounting for actual consumption and demand. Unit costs for both steam and electricity are …, Rhode Island (NUWC). The purpose of the report was to review options for metering electricity and steam used in the NUWC … demand billing, and what effect that rate change would have on the NUWC utility budget. Automated, remote reading meters are …

-DR, began in 2002 following the California electricity crisis. The work has been carried out by the Demand Response Research …The development of the Open Automated Demand Response Communications Specification, also known as OpenADR or Open Auto …-based communications data model designed to facilitate sending and receiving demand response price and reliability signals from a utility …

event of an emergency. With California electricity providers stretched to their limits last winter and spring, the … California Energy Commission (CEC) wanted to test its new Automated Emergency Response System in the event of an electricity … electricity demand is significant. The U.S.Department of Energy (DOE) offered to coordinate the federal agencies participating in …

facilities. Many electricity customers have suggested that automation will help them institutionalize their electric demand …California utilities have been exploring the use of critical peak prices (CPP) to help reduce needle peaks in customer … end-use loads. CPP is a form of price-responsive demand response (DR). Recent experience has shown that customers have …

energy resources (DER) to provide reliable electricity for Federal facilities. These projects also show how renewable DER … demand periods in populous regions and states. This four-page case study describes a recent project in which the United … Distribution Center in Inglewood, California. This system is expected to shave 10% off the facility's 1.2-megawatt peak power …

NUG-owned renewable energy, and (2) the California state production incentives available to NUGs but not utilities. This … geothermal power--in California. To examine the economic aspects of this decision, we modified and updated a 20-year financial … cash-flow model to assess the levelized cost of electricity under four supply options: (1) public utility ownership of new …

California is the largest cement producing state in theU.S., accounting for between 10 percent and 15 percent of U … energy,annually: 1,600 GWh of electricity, 22 million therms of natural gas, 2.3million tons of coal, 0.25 tons of coke, and …

The California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC) requested assistance in identifying methodological alternatives for … quantifying the benefits of renewable electricity. The context is the CPUC's analysis of a 33% renewable portfolio standard (RPS …) in California--one element of California's Climate Change Scoping Plan. The information would be used to support …

electricity markets have recently undergone this transition with extremely unsatisfactory results, most notably in California …Electricity markets are complex adaptive systems that operate under a wide range of rules that span a variety of time … scales. These rules are imposed both from above by society and below by physics. Many electricity markets are undergoing or …

Electricity markets in the United States have witnessed unprecedented instability over the last few years, with … electricity industry. Recent industry instability also illustrates the need for thoughtful resource planning to balance the cost …, reliability, and risk of the electricity supplied to end-use customers. In balancing different supply options, utilities …