institutional economics to public utilities and public utility regulation, the theoretical insights of the new institutional … economics have been applied to many aspects of public utility industry structure, governance, and regulation. The contributions … recent developments in the electric utility industry--most notably, the rapid trend toward competition in electric generation …

principle that market deregulation and competition will bring down the cost of electricity for all classes of customers. It …

Several studies have measured the effects of regulation on a particular industry. These studies range widely in … econometric analysis that attempt to separate the effects of deregulation from other factors in explaining changes in an industry …, such as deregulation, on an industry`s performance. For example, at the same time that the United Kingdom privatized its …

. Many empirical studies suggest that financial reform promoted bank competition in most mature and emerging economies …. However, some earlier studies that adopted conventional approaches to measure competition concluded that bank competition in … Panzar- Rosse H-statistic fail to measure competition in Chinese loan markets properly due to the system of interest rate …

) may experience through government-initiated deregulation of electricity generation. The potential for transition costs …