This research advances four theoretical approaches in an attempt to relate the banking activities to the real economic activities. It starts with the Schumpeter’s circular flow of creditary production that argues that the banks start the production cycle for offering the credits that enable...

This study first shows that a transactions costs band may exist in commodity spot and futures markets and spatially separated markets as a result of the arbitrage process. Then, by using a bivariate vector error correction model (VECM), this thesis shows that the null hypothesis of linearity can...

We estimate the long-run relationship between real housing prices of new dwellings and their fundamentals in a panel of the 50 Spanish provinces between 1985 and 2018. We fi nd acointegrating relationship between real house prices and per capita real income, unemployment rate and demographic...

We assess market integration and price transmission of perishableagricultural produce in Sub-Saharan Africa by studying Ghanaian tomato marketswhich are characterized by pronounced seasonality in production and trade flows.We analyse the tomato markets of Ghana by simultaneously regarding its...

Flue cured tobacco has been an important crop for theZimbabwean economy historically in terms of foreign currencyearnings and employment creation. Between 1980 and 2000, thereis a general increase in tobacco output, followed by a sharpdecline from 2001 up to 2008 and then output starts to...