The theoretical relation between exchange rate and prices has been a difficult proposition to find supporting evidence despite many studies of developed economies using standard research methods. The exchange rate to price relation appears to hold in the long run only, a result consistent with...

This paper studies a periodic-review, serial inventory system in which echelon (r, nQ,T) policies are implemented. Under such a policy, each stage reviews its inventory in every T period and orders according to an echelon (r,nQ) policy. Two types of fixed costs are considered: one is associated...