The classic dual economy models of developing countries hold minimum wages (among other institutions) accountable for persistent dualism. They note that applying or enforcing minimum wage laws in only one sector of the economy will create wage differentials which will not be eroded with labor...

This paper investigates the effects of legal minimum wages on wages, employment, hours worked and monthly earnings among workers covered by minimum wage legislation as well as those for whom it does not apply (the uncovered sector) in Costa Rica. This country’s large uncovered sector and...

Water resources around the globe are at risk from expanding demand and decreasedavailability. All sectors of society rely on water for operation – agriculture, industry, powergeneration, and domestic users all require a constant, clean supply. As a result of populationgrowth and environmental...

The spirit of the Global Compact found fertile ground and has become an integral part of Novartis corporate strategy since the enterprise was formed by the merger of the two large Swiss pharmaceutical companies, Sandoz and Ciba, in 1996. Following a four-year concentration on economic...

The relationships between risk and performance were tested employing within and between analyses at the level of strategic groups in three different industries. As hypothesized, systematic risk did not exhibit a consistent relationship with performance. By contrast, all of the total...

During Peter Drucker’s talk entitled "From Computer Literacy to Information Literacy" he discusses information systems and how they impact individual enterprises and workers. During his lecture, he talks about: the changing labor force, organization structure, command and control structure,...

Accountable Care Organizations are developing in the United States as a result of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. A study is needed to evaluate an emerging issue of ACOs, quality improvement infrastructure, and the pharmaceutical industry. The convergence of these topics has not...

For many years, the pharmaceutical industry has been one of the leaders in innovation through R&D and its impact has had both economic and social significance. This paper reports on an exploratory case study of one Small to Medium-sized Enterprise (SME) in the pharmaceutical domain. Here, two...

There is ongoing interest in the pace of U.S. technological advancement due to its influence on U.S. economic growth, productivity, and international competitiveness. Because technology can contribute to economic growth and productivity increases, congressional interest has focused on how to...

This is a report of a study on the evolution of manufacturing technology policy during the deployment of domestic advanced manufacturing systems in thirty-four plants and two panels of data collection separated by one year. Changing firm environment was significantly correlated with pioneering...