This paper analyzes the causes of illegal copying and its effects in the software market across 66countries. By … studying the aggregated and joint effects of different variables, the analysis shows thatsupply constraints in the software … which its aggregated effect onthe software market is positive, and this is an efficient mechanism for market creation. Thus …

Today, it is almost inevitable that software is licensed, rather than sold outright. As a part of the licensing policy …-based software gradually becomes mainstream in software development, new component-oriented licensing systems are required. This … paper proposes an enterprise component licensing model for the management of software component licenses. The model provides …

leasing strategy for a special type ofdurable good --- software. We look at a software vendor that can sell(at a posted price …) or lease his product where as a lesser he guaranteesthat the lessees will always have the latest version of the software …. Weaddress some of the specific issues of implementing the selling and/orleasing policies at the packaged software market …

renewables portfolio standards, each rely on the ability to differentiate electricity by the ''attributes'' of the generation …. Because policymakers have often made systems ''compatibility'' between market areas a pre-requisite to allowing cross …

chosen to enhance consumer acceptance of PHEVs and/or compatibility with the grid. Potential benefits of such grid …

these goals will require rapid development and deployment of information compatibility methods through technical and … institutional standards. These standards will have to be scaleable and flexible to support new, and as-yet-undiscovered, data. Yet … inaccuracy of existing geodata, and areas where federal policy could lead the way to greater compatibility. …

One major goal of the Nuclear Standards Program is to convert existing NE standards into national consensus standards … is a summary of the activities that have evolved to effect conversion of NE standards to national consensus standards …. Therefore, while complete conversion of program standards may not always be realized, the standards policy has been fully …

This manual contains the Radiation Control Standards'' and Radiation Control Procedures'' at Hanford Operations which … personnel. The purpose of the standards is to establish firm radiological limits within which the Irradiation Processing … an objective within the limitations of the Radiation Control Standards. A procedure may be changed at any time provided …

In the United States of America, numerous organizations are writing standards and recommend practices for contamination … Sciences (IES), and various US Government agencies are among the organizations with a vested interest in publishing standards …, significant work was done in the US on standards and recommended practices. Proprietary standards were established by companies …