This paper is concerned with the determinants of international steam-coal trade. Most work in projecting coal trade has …-equilibrium models. Unfortunately, the competitive model of trade does not appear to account for observed and anticipated trade flows …. This is consistent with findings in the commodity trade literature that, although markets may behave in a rational economic …

que ningún sector desempeñe un papel preponderante. ; We study the globalization of trade in Latin America and Asia over … trade globalization that captures the ease of trading internationally with respect to trading domestically. The results … indicate similar trade globalization patterns in the two regions, albeit with a high degree of heterogeneity within them. Trade …

since mid-2021 has fed into their nominal spending expectations, which had been on an upward trajectory until the outbreak … of the war. Indeed, the war has significantly impacted the expectations for the determinants of household spending … of household expectations for an increase in nominal spending (with a downward adjustment, in particular, to the …

grounds, made the failure of these reforms virtually inevitable. A detailed analysis of the macro economy, labor markets … the influence of foreign capital in Korea's economy. The paper concludes by arguing that Korea should reject radical …

that agricultural policy should move away from the concept of transfers to agriculture to more pro-active role in creating …

of trade shock fully at the initiation of the reform, just as in shock therapy, but that this must be supplemented with …

restore health to public finances in the medium term, once the economy resumes a sound growth path. Second, structural reforms … should be expedited so they positively affect spending, investment and hiring decisions in the very short term. And third … Spanish economy’s main challenges will determine the structural reform agenda needed to increase our potential growth over the …

a plan to restore health to public finances in the medium term, once the economy resumes a sound growth path. Second …, structural reforms should be expedited so they positively affect spending, investment and hiring decisions in the very short term … Spanish economy’s main challenges will determine the structural reform agenda needed to increase our potential growth over the …