The purpose of this paper is to test an international oil and gas market model, hypothesised to arrive at new indicator of pure composite political risk for country oil and gas sectors. Current political risk ratings are largely subjectively quantified and are not frequently published. Investors...

The purpose of this paper is to test an international bank market pricing model, hypothesised to arrive at new indicator of pure composite political risk for country banking sectors. The motivation is that current political risk ratings (rating social, legal and cultural factors that impact...

A key question in European integration is whether or not the global oil and gas market sector (over the period which includes the oil price hikes of 2001 to late 2007 and the global financial crisis from mid 2008 to early 2009) has been impacted to a greater or lesser extent by major Western...