This article contains the Banco de España’s initial analysis of the energy transition risks’ impact on the banking sector, using its Forward Looking Exercise on Spanish Banks (FLESB) in-house stress-testing framework. Different macroeconomic scenarios, linked to higher prices and the...

La literatura académica reciente muestra que los bancos están expuestos a pánicos sobre sus líneas de crédito. Durante estos pánicos, las empresas retiran fondos de sus líneas de crédito por miedo a restricciones crediticias futuras. En este trabajo usamos los resultados de las pruebas...

Summary of Banco de España Working Paper no. 2245

This paper first identifies the level of cyclical systemic risks in Spain, also calibrating their impact on the solvency of the banking system, and, second, assesses the costs and benefits of the countercyclical use of capital requirements. The first part of the paper is based on an integrated...

Este documento presenta un conjunto amplio de análisis para, en primer lugar, identificar el nivel de los riesgos sistémicos cíclicos en España y calibrar su impacto sobre la solvencia del sistema bancario y, adicionalmente, valorar los costes y beneficios del uso contracíclico de los...

Contracts paying a guaranteed minimum rate of return and a fraction of a positive excess rate, which is specified relative to a benchmark portfolio, are closely related to unit-linked life-insurance products and can be considered as alternatives to direct investment in the underlying benchmark....

The lognormal distribution is useful in modeling continuous random variables which are greater than or equal to zero. Example scenarios in which the lognormal distribution is used include, among many others: in medicine, latent periods of infectious diseases; in environmental science, the...

We introduce a new method to robustifying inference that can be applied in any situation where a parametric likelihood is available. The key feature is that data from the postulated parametric models are assumed to be measured with error where the measurement error distribution is chosen to...