China is currently in the process of developing the largest pension system in the world and it is doing this in the context of profound economic reform and demographic transformation. The central government has followed a step-by-step approach to set up a system that is capable of accommodating...

Artículo de revista ; This article analyses recent developments in the average effective retirement age in light of the 2011 reform and the different forms of retirement. The analysis shows, first, that the effective retirement age has tended to increase in recent years as a result of the net...

En este trabajo se utiliza un modelo de generaciones solapadas (OLG) para simular el comportamiento futuro del sistema de pensiones en España. Se compara el sistema en vigor tras la reforma de 2011 con varias alternativas que incluyen diversos diseños institucionales. En concreto, se explora...

El envejecimiento de la población es un proceso imparable que continúa suponiendo un reto para la sostenibilidad del sistema de reparto de pensiones en la mayoría de los países desarrollados, incluida España. Gran parte de estos países necesitan llevar a cabo reformas en sus sistemas de...

Rationale The latest pension reform, approved in 2023, included three measures to increase social security contributions, aiming to boost social security revenue. This article analyses the impact and calculates the ex ante effect of the changes approved. Takeaways •The growth in the maximum...

The report presents data on international oil production, demand, imports, exports, and stocks. The report has four sections. Section 1 contains time series data on world oil production, and on oil demand and stocks in the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). This...

This report presents data on international oil production, demand, imports, exports, and stocks. The report has four sections. Section 1 contains time series data on world oil production, and on oil demand and stocks in the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). This...