Outsourcing can be defi ned as the delivery of public services by the private sector. The sign of the effect of outsourcing on public spending is ambiguous ex-ante. While outsourcing may reduce public spending through higher competition in the private sector, it may also increase public spending...

Summary of Banco de España Working Paper no. 1939

This paper reports a preliminary laboratory experiment in which traders make investments to increase the reliability of tradable instruments that represent greenhouse gas emissions allowances. In one half of the sessions these investments are unobservable, while in the other half traders can...

Non-market valuation techniques are vital instruments of policy. Providing quantitative welfare estimates validates public policy decisions. This research independently addresses three aspects of nonmarket valuation. Hedonic valuation of industrial accidents, limitations in recreational demand...

Policy and planning for the provision of water supply and sanitation services in developing countries. Reviews available technologies, but emphasizes the planning and policy process, including economic, social, environmental, and health issues. Incorporates considerations of financing, pricing,...

It is becoming increasingly clear, at least on a theoretical level, that modelers of the potential impacts of climate change must impose that change upon the world as it will be configured sometime in the future rather than confine their attention to considerations of what would happen to the...

Concentrations of environmental pollutants tend to follow positively skewed frequency distributions. Two such density functions are the gamma and lognormal. Minimum variance unbiased estimators of the expected value for both densities are available. The small sample statistical properties of...

The National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) of 1969, requires that all federal actions be reviewed before making a final decision to pursue a proposed action or one of its reasonable alternatives. The NEPA process is expected to begin early in the planning process. This paper discusses an...