Consumers often use an expected future price of a product as a reference for judging the current price, and … expected future price of a product in formation of price judgments in relatively expensive and infrequently purchased product … use an expected future price as a reference in the relatively inexpensive, frequently purchased categories such as …

labor saving. The decline in productivity was caused largely by the protective policy regarding price and distribution of … iron and steel sector, the industry is rapidly moving towards world-best technology, which will result in fewer carbon …

This paper investigates the mining industry's poor productivity performance as measured by the conventional multifactor … productivity (MFP) index during the recent mining boom in Australia. We derive a relationship between the measured and 'true' MFP … average MFP growth in Australian mining based on the dual measure of technical change is nearly 2% over the sample period 1974 …

to easily extract data; the field has little confidence in data; people spend more time mining data than analyzing data …

The Intermountain Center for Mining Research and Development (ICMRD) was established with the Idaho National Laboratory … (INL) as the cornerstone, and with regional universities, mining schools, and the Western mining industry as full members …. In aggregate, the members provide the strong mining research and development capabilities and knowledge that are …