from frameworks of moral philosophy and management theory. Although the IJM is normative in nature, the authors connect it … to real-world examples, which provides MNCs that market to the poor practical benchmarks for conducting their business …

configuration, and prior ability distribution on the accuracy of ability estimation given various IRT models. Item response data on … ability. The accuracy of the ability estimation for a given IRT model was assessed by the recovery rate and the root mean … estimation than the other three polytomous models. The nominal categories model performed better than the general partial credit …

cross-nationally. Typically, researchers have relied upon the tenets of classical measurement theory (CT) using confirmatory …-national applicability? Our research seeks to address these issues and the cross-national measurement applicability of multi …-dimensional scales via generalizability theory (GT). In this paper, we use a cross-national data set and simulated data sets to …