), aggregation method (average versus weighted by money, a proxy for confidence), and incentive (not incentive compatible versus … respondents to state their confidence, using my method, which induces the respondents to reveal confidence, there is a sizable and … statically significant positive relationship between confidence and the accuracy of individual-level expectations. This positive …

management confidence. In a unique sample of US firms that have existed for over 25 years we find management confidence, as … management confidence is higher firms have higher levels of debt. This result is robust to different definitions of leverage and … confidence as well as different model specifications. This confirms the theoretical arguments in behavioural finance that …

), and outcome confidence (Zakay and Tsal 1993), since perceived ambiguity regardingthe effectiveness of the novel health …

’ confidence (the drivers traditionally studied in the literature) in the behaviour of investment under such atypical cyclical … negatively to interest rate rises, while enhanced agents’ confidence and greater demand have the opposite effect. •In the absence … agents’ confidence and demand operate with shorter lags. Given these lags, the interest rate increases and the decline in …