world. …

regarding bribery. Bribery in international business transactions can be seen as a function of not only the demand for such … representatives. This study addresses the propensity of firms from 30 different countries to engage in international bribery. The … study incorporates both domestic (economic development, culture, and domestic corruption in the supplying country) and …

payoffs to the client’s decision. We test this frame work using a new data set on bribery of Peruvian public officials by … households. The theory predicts that bribery is more attractive to both parties when the client is richer, and we find … empirically that both bribery incidence and value are increasing in household income. However, 65% of the relation between bribery …

This study provides the first systematic measure of bribery using micro-level data on reported earnings, household …-reported compensation in thepublic sector. Using the conditions of labor market equilibrium, we develop an aggregatemeasure of bribery and … find that the lower bound estimate of the extent of bribery in Ukraine is between 460 mln and 580 mln U.S. dollars (0 …

generation, transmission, and distribution industries; and (6) privatization and globalization of world coal. …