annuity must suffer lower benefits for a longer time than a man. In short, if one looks either at the periodic outlay by the … insured or at the income available to the beneficiary under an annuity, gender-based pricing appears to be quite at odds with … annuity is that people care more about income than about lump sum values. Thus, even though the present value of a man's death …

This paper examines the possible causes of the nationwide unfunded public pension liability problem in the U.S., and …’ pension systems, a specific analysis of the Rhode Island public pension system will be conducted. Through this investigation …

Despite abundant studies of the application of pension systems in developed countries, little work has been done on how … to apply a sustainable pension system in developing countries. The set-up of pension systems in developed countries and … (taxes and subsidies) on firms and labor. This research develops a comprehensive system on how to set-up pension policies …