drivers of foreign-currency issuance identified in the literature, including variables at the individual firm (e.g. bank … heightened volatility has a negative impact on US dollar issuance. Bank-specific variables are also relevant drivers of US dollar … are more likely to issue in US dollars than others. Bank-specific structures, as captured by deposit and loan ratios, also …

the drivers of bond issuance. The sample covers the two major financial crises that caused severe dislocations in bank … bond issuance, while for banks from the euro area periphery central bank liquidity substituted for unsecured long-term debt …

the affiliates that the banking group has abroad, on bank’s risk, using Spanish confidential supervisory data. Having … as distance can hinder the ability of a bank’s headquarters to monitor its subsidiaries or because of the more limited … and the host economy on bank’s ex-post risk. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that geographic …

-as-a-service” and “beyond banking”, two emerging bank competition strategies. These business models are argued to emulate the …

This paper analyses “banking-as-a-service” and “beyond banking”, two emerging bank competition strategies. These …