Complex diseases such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension and psychiatric disorders have been major public health problems in US. In order to increase the power in the linkage analysis of complex traits, genetic heterogeneity has to be taken into account. During the past few years, several methods...

If transitory profitable trading opportunities exist, filter rules are used in practice to mitigate transaction costs. The filter size is difficult to determine a priori. Our paper uses a dynamic programming framework to design a filter that is optimal in the sense of maximizing expected returns...