Bereits Schumpeter (1934, 1942) beschreibt, wie technologischer Fortschritt die neuartige und wertschaffende Kombination von Ressourcen ermöglicht. Das dadurch entstehende Ungleichgewicht im Markt ermöglicht es Unternehmern, diese „Chancen“ zu verfolgen und neue Technologien in...

There is an evolution in the process used by standards-developmentorganizations (SDOs) and this is changing the prevailing standardsdevelopment activity (SDA) for information and communications technology(ICT). The process is progressing from traditional SDA modes, typicallyinvolving the...

This paper investigated the influence of country-level factors that have led to shifts in the patterns of international R&D investments made by Multinational Corporations (MNCs), from an exclusive focus on developed countries to a broader scope that also includes developing countries....

This version of the paper is subject to changes.

Notwithstanding the ambiguous research and productivity promoting effects of plant varietyprotections (PVPs), even in developed countries, many developing countries have adoptedPVPs in the past few years to comply with their Trade-Related Aspects of IntellectualProperty Rights (TRIPS)...