Many empirical questions in economics and other social sciences depend on causal effects of programs or policies. In the last two decades much research has been done on the econometric and statistical analysis of the effects of such programs or treatments. This recent theoretical literature has...

Traditional econometric analysis concentrate on classical methods which are far from suitable handling actual economic problems. Modern econometric analysis tries to develop new approaches from an economic perspective. As a consequence, there is less of a unified econometric theory than in...