Statistical evidence from 58 countries shows that although people in rural areas are more likely to be in employment than those in urban ones, they also tend to have jobs that can put them at risk of experiencing inadequate labour protection as well as low pay. In particular, rural workers are...

Embedded in the particular model of work organization of digital labour platforms, platform workers face several hurdles discouraging them from becoming trade union members. These relate to algorithmic management, regulatory arbitrage regarding the employment arrangements and the promotion of an...

In recent years, China's labour market has seen a significant rise of the new forms of employment, which differs in scale, type, and function compared to the developed economies. This study focuses on four emerging forms of the new employment patterns in China, including app-based gig work,...