Population ageing constitutes a central challenge to Finland. Understanding the Finnish economy's likely future trajectory and the key sources of growth is important for the design of policies to counteract these adverse long-term trends. For this purpose, we develop a novel long-run forecast...

According to the efficient-market hypothesis, forecasts derived from efficient market prices should be unbeatable. However, numerous institutions, including the European Central Bank, regularly publish forecasts for future inflation that deviate from market expectations. We investigate the...

Confidence dropped universally across countries and sectors during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic in Europe. Latest survey data suggest that confidence is on track for a v-shaped recovery. The swift implementation of stringent containment measures as well as economic stimulus policy...