Population ageing constitutes a central challenge to Finland. Understanding the Finnish economy's likely future trajectory and the key sources of growth is important for the design of policies to counteract these adverse long-term trends. For this purpose, we develop a novel long-run forecast...

Confidence dropped universally across countries and sectors during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic in Europe. Latest survey data suggest that confidence is on track for a v-shaped recovery. The swift implementation of stringent containment measures as well as economic stimulus policy...

Before the war, the European economy was experiencing a heady recovery. The one-two punch of higher energy prices and trade disruptions, however, could destabilise EU firms already weakened by the pandemic, according to a new report published by the European Investment Bank. Simulations by the...