With rural extreme poverty officially eradicated in 2020, China is to move to measuring relative poverty in urban and … thresholds could be created for urban and rural areas or provinces. A unified national poverty standard for China based on 40 per … rural areas. Relative poverty describes circumstances in which people cannot afford actively to participate in society and …

Minimum Income (MI) schemes are essential to alleviate poverty and guarantee a last-resort safety net to households … with insufficient resources. Assessing the effectiveness of MI schemes in poverty reduction is challenging. Studies based … their degree of coverage and adequacy, their poverty-alleviating effects and their overall cost. Finally, we explore the …