We analyse how the COVID-19 crisis impacted firms' employment levels and digitalisation efforts differently depending on their pre-crisis productivity, digitalisation and growth performance. We match the EIB Investment Survey with firm-level financial statements from the ORBIS database for 27 EU...

Using firm level survey data we draw a portrait of incidence of recent trade related shocks, such as disruptions in logistics or access to materials, and undertaken responses in the economies of the EU. The paper focuses on firm heterogeneity in explaining the willingness to respond to these...