by the removal of the pathways to early retirement. In order to allow people to work longer, labour market flexibility …

efficiency without undermining the quality of in kind services on secondary education, health care and public administration … regressive. The delivery of health care could be improved by rationalising inpatient care and enhancing costeffective primary … care, which would generate savings in the medium term. Further increasing the effective retirement age and reforming the …

population ageing. The pension system relies largely on mandatory private retirement saving, which will moderate the long … for the rest of the population, and its efficiency in securing and valuing these retirement savings to guarantee pension …

surprisingly modest when translated into the implied effect on average retirement ages: an increase in statutory pension ages by … one year is typically estimated to increase the average effective retirement age by only about two months. …

educational attainment. About 1 percentage point is attributable to changes in statutory retirement ages, although part of the … reason these effects are not larger is that in most countries, statutory retirement ages have not kept pace with life … retirement pathways through unemployment or disability schemes has been a major factor in the turnaround in the participation …

pensions, health and long-term care under high pressure. The paper provides recommendations on policy responses to address … pensions, incentivising private savings, enhancing the efficiency of health care provision, expanding the coverage of social …

This paper proposes a new set of public health and long-term care expenditure projections until 2060, seven years after … a first set of projections was published by the OECD. It disentangles health from longterm care expenditure, as well as … country coverage. Regarding health care, nondemographic drivers are identified, with an attempt to better understand the …