This work investigates the relationship between proxies of innovation activities, such as patents and trademarks, and … complementarity or substitutability. In addition, and to our knowledge novel, we propose a measure of concordance (or proximity …

significantly deteriorate incentives to invest in R&D. We present alternative options and argue that the level of support should be … national innovation systems. We conclude with a broad consideration of what these may be for the varied and variably developed … business innovation capabilities found across the EU. …

The way firms finance their investments can potentially explain the heterogeneity of firms in terms of their innovation … between finance and innovation of EU firms. We identify seven financing clusters to show that the degree of innovativeness …

This research investigates deals with the impact of various innovation activities on innovation output by using Spanish … innovation activities lead to differences in both the propensity to innovate and innovation output, depending on the … technological characteristics a firm has. In general, internal R&D leads to product innovation, while machinery acquisition leads to …