concerns about the quality of the future labour force. These factors play a role in the stalled income convergence process … tertiary education without a corresponding increase in resources has led to fears about declining quality. Quality in tertiary …

lagged behind that of physical capital. Going forward, access to and quality of education will be key to sustain economic …, the quality of most patents is still low and innovation output is weak. Reforms are underway to address these problems but …

quality of basic education for a large fraction of the Black African population is still very low. This study identifies … several hurdles to the upgrading of basic education quality, such as the lack of investment in school infrastructure and … learning materials in disadvantaged areas, uneven administrative capacity at the local level, low teacher quality and poor …

, especially for the young and long-term unemployed. Promoting jobs without paying attention to their quality and to the skills … required by employers may have adverse impact on welfare and productivity. The Jobs Act and Good School (“Buona Scuola”), two …

better educational outcomes: quality pre-primary education, quality teaching, accountability and autonomy of teaching …

assessment and forecasting exercises. This should include measures to improve teaching quality, including through stronger …

reversed since then. These developments have been aggravated by the rising burden of housing costs on low-income households … being made to facilitate the transition of welfare beneficiaries into work, increase the supply of affordable and social …