by electronics manufacturers. State-owned firms spend more on R&D per patent, but hold fewer patents per researcher than … to patent more, and government support also appears to matter. Exterior design patents are associated with different firm …China has surpassed the United States in patent applications and has become world leader. Strong patenting activity …

Portugal’s export performance over the past decade has been impressive, helping to reduce external imbalances. This … partly owed to a sequence of structural reforms that benefited the productivity of the export sector and led to an increase … given the strong link between trade openness and GDP per capita. To do this, policymakers must ensure that policy settings …

Innovation has a role to play to mitigate water-related risks and to support the provision of water services on which … our well-being and sustainable development depend. Water-related innovation originate in a wide range of countries, with … different levels of ambition. They disseminate at different scales globally. This paper uses patent data to document trends in …

patent applications remains low and their ratio of patents granted to applications is below that of industry. An econometric …. Our evidence, which builds on a database that matches research institutions to a sample of their patent applications …, indicates patent applications to the European Patent Office (EPO) filed by research institutions grew faster than industry …

patent applications to the European Patent Office, with the top five (Tokyo, Seoul, San Francisco, Higashiosaka and Paris … technology patent applications are more concentrated in top cities than applications in other technology fields. In the United … States, which has led digital technology deployment, the concentration of patent applications in top cities increased more …

Patent data provide an increasingly used means to analyse innovation performance worldwide including in countries with … patent data for measuring and analysing innovation in narrow technological fields, such as many environment …-related technologies. To improve cross-country comparability of patent statistics, the paper advocates the use of indicators based on …

Portuguese export growth over the 1995-2016 period. The results highlight that there was no one single factor behind the export … explained by other factors. These include increases in the quality of export products and weak domestic demand that prompted … the Portuguese financial sector and its further development is beneficial for export growth. …

This paper examines the relationship between trade liberalisation and migration in the case of Mexico. The increasing … bilateral trade between Mexico and the United States after signing the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) was supposed …: are trade and migration substitutes like the policy-makers had assumed or are they complements? Using monthly data from …