manufacturing sectors. To date, companies increasingly rely on outside innovation for new products and processes and have become … marketing and financial consulting offered by third parties. As a consequence, considering manufacturing and KIBS as vertically … integration between KIBS and manufacturing sectors along what we could define as a "knowledge-based value chain", the easier the …

Many industrialized countries in Europe and North America have experienced a steady decline in the manufacturing sector …, policymakers have suggested that a large manufacturing sector can: i) boost R&D, ii) encourage exporting, and iii) raise … manufacturing sector and Business R&D expenditures (BERD), while the relationship between manufacturing and exports or productivity …