Recent episodes of large exchange rate movements, such as for Japan or the United Kingdom, have typically not been …

and their volatility on trade flows in two small, open economies – Chile and New Zealand – with three major trading … exchange volatility impacts trade flows in the small, open economies more than was found for larger economies. Findings do not … clearly indicate the direction of the impact, i.e. whether this volatility increases or decreases trade in all countries and …

for assessing this balance and applies it to four OECD economic areas: the euro area, Japan, the United Kingdom and the … the euro area and Japan. In the United Kingdom, the assessment is less clear cut. …