stipulates that the international shipping sector should assess the impacts on states prior to adoption of the mitigation …

We measure technological progress in oceanic shipping directly by using a large database of daily log entries from …

Shipping was central to the rise of the Atlantic economies, but an extremely hazardous activity: in the 1780s, roughly … shipping technology was stagnant before iron steamships, in this paper we demonstrate that between the 1780s and 1820s, a … safety revolution occurred that saw shipping losses and insurance rates on oceanic routes almost halved thanks to steady …