The level and trend in cash use in a country will influence the demand for central bank digital currency (CBDC). While …-not better. Demand for digital currency will thus be weak in countries where cash use is already very low, due to a preference … for cash substitutes (cards, electronic money, mobile phone payments). Where cash use is very high, demand should be …

Standard transaction cost arguments can only partially explain why the share of cash transactions is still high in many … distinctive feature of cash - a glance into one's pocket provides a signal for both the remaining budget as well as the level of … past expenses. We propose a theoretical framework which incorporates this feature of cash, and derives implications not …

We examine how an innovation in payment technology impacts on consumer payment choice and cash demand. We study the … reduction in the cash share of payments and no reduction of average cash demand. Treatment effects on payment choice are … strongest among consumers with an intermediate pre-treatment use of cash. Explorative analyses reveal that effects are largely …

We analyze for the first time cash holdings of private households in all euro area countries from 2002 to 2019 within a … panel cointegration framework. Besides the traditional determinants of cash demand like transactions balances and … opportunity costs, we concentrate on cashless payments media as substitutes to cash payments and the role of the shadow economy …