The trade agreements that the European Union has with North African countries - with Algeria, Egypt, Morocco and … Tunisia – are often seen as having delivered disappointing results since they came into force during the 2000s. The four North …. In the meantime, the EU’s exports to North Africa have grown quite rapidly. Economic growth in North Africa has been well …

Egypt, Morocco and Tunisia face challenges competing on the global markets, as shown by their relatively low and … misalignment, including in recent years, the exchange rates in Morocco and Tunisia have broadly reflected the underlying … the first time to North Africa, the stock-flow approach to the real equilibrium exchange rate, this paper evaluates the …