private suppliers have market power. We do this by studying the staggered rollout of hundreds of government milk "ration … supplied milk by 2.4% and increased household consumption. To compare direct provision with budget-neutral alternatives, we … larger consumer surplus than milk vouchers and unrestricted cash transfers. …

Smallholder dairy farms are the major providers of marketed milk in Kenya, producing one to ten liters per day. Due to … collecting the raw milk from the members to supply bigger volumes to dairy plants or to the market. These farms and cooperatives … contamination of the milk. Moreover, under warm climatic conditions raw milk can exceed the maximum bacterial count established by …