Unterschiedliche Fairtrade-Organisationen werben damit, die Lebensbedingungen der Kleinbauernfamilien in den Anbauländern zu verbessern. Diese Publikation untersucht, ob die Teilnahme am Fairtrade-System Kleinbauern, unabhängig von den Entwicklungen ihres Umfeldes, gegenüber selbstständigen...

Large chocolate manufacturers have committed themselves to only using certifiedcocoa beans and some governments want to increase the share of certified cocoaproducts consumed in their countries. Thus, Voluntary Sustainability Standards(VSSs) become quasi-mandatory for cocoa producers and...

While many studies analyzed effects of sustainability standards - such as Fairtrade or Rainforest Alliance - on smallholder farmers in developing countries, most did not sufficiently account for systematic differences between certified and non-certified farmers. Certified farmers are typically...