conceptualization of care time. Three separate problems are evident. First, the conventional focus on explicit activities with children … distracts attention from the larger responsibilities of "passive" care, which ranges from time when children are sleeping to … the amount of parental care that children in single-parent and two-parent households receive. …

underexplored. We use Hungarian individual-level administrative panel data and follow the children from age 13 until age 19. We show …

study examines how workplace environments shape the impacts of caregiving shocks, focusing on working parents of children …

estimates suggest that children receiving subsidized care in the year before kindergarten score lower on tests of cognitive … time children reach the end of third grade. Our results point to an unintended consequence of a child care subsidy regime …

during childhood using data from a longitudinal study, the Mannheim Study of Children at Risk, starting at birth. Our work … characteristics of children. Third, we examine the skill development for girls and boys separately, as well as for children who were …

evidence that one type of non-parental care outperforms the other, though children who have been placed in preschool tend to …

personality traits of their children. We exploit information on the risk and trust attitudes, the Big Five personality traits and … locus of control of parents and their children, as well as rich information about parental efforts in the upbringing of … their children from the German Socio-Economic Panel Study. Our results show that parents who are more involved in the …

adult crime: outcomes that carry significant negative externalities. This paper uses particularly rich datasets from Denmark … environments across the two areas, we find remarkably consistent results: in families with two or more children, second-born boys … the evidence rules out differences in health at birth and the quality of schools chosen for children. We do find that …