Previous theoretical researches show that learning from good performers yields intense competition and results in the low profitability of firms. These researchers do not take into account differentiation strategies being referred as a useful strategic tool to mitigate competition. We introduce...

We conducted a field experiment on the Internet and investigated the participants’ belief updating in an individual learning environment where they observe a sequence of private signals and in a social learning environment where they observe a sequence of other people’s actions. We observed...

We compare male and female behavior in Japan and Canada in the context of a threshold public goods game with both a strong free-riding equilibrium and many socially efficient threshold equilibria. Although higher rewards produce higher contributions, neither culture nor gender has any...