immunity from prosecution impacts how the Members of the Parliament (MPs) act and perform their duties in the Parliament …. Losing immunity (and the resultant presumed fear of prosecution) pacifies the MPs of the opposition parties. They become less … to cast dissenting votes against the government. MPs of the opposition parties who lose their immunity are less likely to …

corruption. We compare the influences of latent enforcement (police, judicial, and prosecutorial employment) versus actual …Adding a new dimension to determinants of corruption, this paper examines the effectiveness of enforcement in reducing … enforcement to combat corruption by increasing enforcement employment is ineffective, rather comprehensive improvements in …

positively correlated with government consumption as well as the absence of corruption. … parliaments where a strict regime is in force. Supplementary evidence shows that the fraction of public servants in parliament is …

parliament who face a conflict of interests but also have lower control costs due to their experience and information advantage … for German Laender, we find that the fraction of public servants in parliament is positively related to the number of …