documents that placing students into study groups with their friends may improve learning, especially for low-ability females. …

Participatory teaching methods have been shown to be more successful than traditional rote learning in high …-income countries. It is, however, less clear if they can help address the learning crisis in low- and middle-income countries, where … months later by 0.15σ. The additional provision of laptops with a learning software allowing teachers to refresh their …

We estimate the impact of district-level schooling mode (in-person versus hybrid or distance learning) on test scores …