learning were concentrated among initially better-performing schools and students. At the same time, learning outcomes may have … withdrawn, student performance did not fall below pre-baseline levels). Rather, impacts on learning were sustained beyond the … intervention period. However, these incentives may have exacerbated learning inequality within and across schools. Increases in …

to estimate learning losses. It models the effect of school closures on achievement by predicting the deviation of the …. Scores declined by an average of 14 percent of a standard deviation, roughly equal to seven months of learning. Losses were … greater for students in schools that faced relatively longer closures, boys, immigrants, and disadvantaged students …

Studies determining students' success in higher education mostly rely on students' predetermined baseline variables … expand their initial lead remains unclear. We investigate the students' learning growth in a business math course and analyze … development of these differences over time. Whether ex-ante lower-skilled students can catch up or higher-skilled students may …

to estimate learning losses. It models the effect of school closures on achievement by predicting the deviation of the …. Scores declined by an average of 14 percent of a standard deviation, roughly equal to seven months of learning. Losses were … greater for students in schools that faced relatively longer closures, boys, immigrants, and disadvantaged students …

School safety and classroom disciplinary climate have a direct impact on teachers' ability to teach and students … International Reading Literacy Study. The paper then moves on to untangle how disruptive learning environments can have negative … impacts on student learning outcomes. Thus, the objective of the paper is to analyze the determinants associated with …