This paper analyzes whether and to what extent determinants of comparative advantage have explanatory power for conventional services trade. It assesses the geographical, Heckscher-Ohlin and institutional determinants of services trade based on the literature for goods trade. Moreover, this...

This paper analyses the importance of the ICT sector, and in particular the Software sector, for the European economy. It does so by looking into the question of how value-added is created through the lens of improved productivityand competitiveness using ICT in various European economies. In...

There is a global trend toward more production, use, and sale of services by manufacturing firms. This phenomenon is known as the servicification of manufacturing. Services inputs as well as services activities within manufacturing firms account for over half of the value of manufacturing...

This background paper describes the methodology used for the ECIPE Occasional Paper called "The Costs of Data Localisation: A Friendly Fire on Economic Recovery" in which the costs of data services regulation are assessed. This paper provides further explanation on how the costs of data...

Today, increases in the demand for healthcare are driving European governments to look for ways to control growth in healthcare expenditures and at the same time improve health outcomes. Consideration of ways to enhance trade in healthcare goods and services is important for governments as they...

This paper examines the concept of trade facilitation in services from the perspective of the recent literature on the determinants of services trade. The aim is to conceptualize trade facilitation in this area as a dimension of international integration beyond the baseline restrictiveness of...

Digital technologies encourage companies to innovate with new processes, goods, and services, which ultimately enhance their competitiveness in local and global markets. This paper analyzes whether a wide set of data restrictions are negatively associated with digital innovation of firms. The...