licensing of scientific discoveries have grown. This paper examines the effect that the licensing of academic patents has on … is statistically significant. In contrast, licensing of patented discoveries that are also research tools is associated … with a reduction in citations to papers linked to these research advances, raising the possibility that licensing may …

. Where licensing fails, follow-on innovation is blocked unless firms gain FTO through patent invalidation. Using large … patentee's product market. Here, transaction costs likely exceed the joint surplus of licensing, causing licensing failure. In …

prediction of our model, uncertainty of the licensing value of the patent increases significantly the licensors willingness to … between unilateral and cross-licensing for upstream inventions. Second, a higher quality pate t is more likely to be offered …

commercialization not found anywhere else, including whether, when and how (acquisition, licensing, existing or new firm) patents were …