The proposed Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) between the European Union and the United States of …-state dispute settlement and argue that the TTIP will have discriminatory effects on at least some third countries. However …, regulatory councils are important ingredients of the deal as they guarantee that the TTIP will indeed influence the setting of …

approaches in domestic courts in advanced economies, an approach rarely taken in analysing investor-state arbitration. The first … the early 19th century with generally strong support for commercial arbitration based on ad hoc fee-based remuneration …; and similarities and differences between commercial arbitration and investment arbitration, focusing how the largely …